The Scottish Hair & Beauty Awards will take place on Sunday 24th August 2025 at the iconic Glasgow Hilton, with the biggest names in the industry coming together for a night of glitz, celebration, and career-defining recognition. This year’s event promises to be more spectacular than ever, shining a well-deserved spotlight on the talent, creativity, and hard work that powers Scotland’s vibrant hair and beauty scene.
On the red carpet, we’re thrilled to welcome two of the industry’s most loved personalities — Fallon Carberry and Justin Mackland — who will be hosting exclusive interviews with finalists and special guests, bringing the red carpet to life with energy, elegance, and a whole lot of fun.SHABA Founder Joanne Reid shares: “Every year the standard gets higher, and 2025 is no exception. Our finalists represent the best in Scotland — bold, passionate, and game-changing professionals who are shaping the future of the industry. We’re so proud to celebrate them all.”
With celebrities, influencers, industry leaders, and creatives in attendance, SHABA 2025 is set to be an unforgettable celebration — complete with a high-impact awards ceremony, live entertainment, and the legendary SHABA afterparty.
🎟 Tickets are now on sale and expected to sell out fast — secure your spot at Scotland’s biggest hair and beauty event of the year.
Iconic barbering brand PASHANA® proudly unveils the next chapter in its storied legacy with a striking new visual identity, showcased in a recent photoshoot set in an authentic, working barbershop.
With a rich heritage spanning back over a century, to 1910, PASHANA® has long been trusted by professional barbers for its classic grooming products and traditional formulations. The brand’s recent refresh honours that rich history while embracing a contemporary look designed to resonate with today’s discerning barbers and style-conscious clientele. After all, even the classics need a little touch up now and again!
The new photography captures the essence of the PASHANA® range in its natural habitat — a barbershop! From vintage chairs to heritage tools of the trade, the shoot brings together timeless barbering traditions with the modern evolution of the brand.
The brand refresh includes updated packaging, enhanced branding elements, and a renewed focus on supporting barbers with products that blend classic quality with contemporary appeal. Trade wholesalers Trade wholesalers will also appreciate the strengthened shelf presence and elevated visual impact that PASHANA® now has.
Wholesalers and industry professionals can expect to see the fresh look rolled across stores and marketing materials in the coming months.
Olivia Garden, a leader in professional and consumer hair care tools, proudly introduces its latest innovation: the OG Barber Shear Collection. Designed with precision, durability and comfort in mind, this collection includes three shear sizes (5.75”, 6.25” and 7”) along with a 6” thinner, catering to the diverse cutting needs of barbers and hairstylists.
Each shear in the OG Barber Shear Collection is engineered with a distinctive matte black titanium coating, reinforced steel alloy and convex blades. These unique features enhance durability and ensure superior hardness and longevity for smooth and effortless cutting performance. Plus, with larger finger holes and two sets of finger ring inserts, the shears provide a customized, ergonomic fit for all hand sizes.
The 6.25” thinner, designed with 30 handcrafted teeth featuring micro-serration, offers seamless blending and texturizing capabilities. An offset handle with specialized thumb curvature keeps the hand relaxed in a natural open position, reducing strain during extended use.
Each OG Barber Shear Collection purchase includes a premium zipper case with essential maintenance tools like the ShearCare™ oil brush, cleaning cloth, finger ring inserts and a tension adjustment tool. Purchase also offers eligibility for the Exclusive Service Program. This program allows barbers and stylists to exchange their used Olivia Garden Barber Shears for a brand-new identical pair, ensuring optimal shear performance over time.
With its superior design, precision craftsmanship and hassle-free maintenance program, this collection is set to become an essential tool for barbers and stylists alike. The OG Barber Shear Collection is available for purchase at www.oliviagarden.com and select Olivia Garden retailers. Be sure to follow the brand on Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook for more information.
April 5-7, 2025, at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
The 102nd America’s Beauty Show 2025 (ABS), held April 5-7, 2025 at the prestigious Donald E. Stephens Convention Center in Rosemont, IL, showcased the beauty industry’s ongoing growth, unity, and innovation. This year’s theme, GROW, was a reflection of the collective spirit of the beauty community, which emphasized professional and personal growth.
With another record-breaking 20,000+ attendees, ABS brought together beauty professionals from across the globe to learn, network, and celebrate the beauty community. The event featured 320 classes, the majority FREE with an ABS ticket. 2025 is a renewal year, and courses offered a diverse range of education from haircare to skincare, barbering, nails, makeup, health and wellness. Over 100 world-class educators shared their global expertise, and 400 exhibitors, including 130 new exhibitors, a Global Nail Competition, and Student Power Hour hosted by Beauty Cast Network.
ABS 2025 highlighted the international nature of the beauty industry, with a strong presence of international exhibitors. The Fruitful Yield Health and Wellness Pavilion showcased 40+ leading brands, offering the latest in wellness products and services, designed to care for those that have dedicated themselves to caring for others.
Evening entertainment added to the excitement, with the famous ABS Global Image Awards. ABS Global Image Awards provided a glamorous celebration of talent and creativity. Winners from around the world were recognized for their submissions and artistry. Live music and dancing with Libido Funk Circus created an unforgettable atmosphere, and the official ABS Sunday Night Party, in collaboration with
Chrystofer Benson’s CBC Productions L.I.V.E. 312, brought a standing-room-only crowd together for an evening of high-energy fun with industry leaders, influencers, and professionals celebrating the best of the community.
“America’s Beauty Show 2025 was a powerful reminder of what’s possible when our beauty community comes together. It was pure joy — experienced by tens of thousands throughout the weekend. I’m so proud of our beauty community, which has made this non-profit event possible for over 102 years. Now more than ever, community is the path to sustainable growth. We all need to take note of the magic that happens when we show up for each other. That’s America’s Beauty Show, and to us, community is everything,”
Commented Frank P. Fulco, Chief Executive Officer of America’s Beauty Show.
ABS 2025 featured stunning presentations by top-tier artists and world class educators, including The Ulta Beauty Pro Team, Tabatha Coffey, Guy Tang, Chrystofer Benson Collective, Sam Villa, Social Art House, Salon Centric, J Ladner, Ted Gibson, Nick Arrojo, A-ROD, Kenny Duncan, Candy Shaw, George Alderete, and many more!
Brands included Amika, Ulta Beauty, CHI by Farouk Systems, BabylissPro, L3V3L 3, Wahl, Ergo Styling Tools, Hairtools, Oliva Garden, Wet Brush, Framar International, Stylecraft Gamma+, Andis, Wahl, FarmHouse Fresh, CIDESCO Section USA, Repechage, Fruitful Yield, Cuccio, Henkel Corporation, Colortrak, Keratin Complex, and DNA Hairtools.
Save the Date!
Mark your calendars for the next America’s Beauty Show, April 18, 19 & 20, 2025, at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, Rosemont, IL.
The Fellowship for British Hairdressing is unveiling their next phase of development, welcoming three new members on to their Executive Board. Under the guidance of CEO, Barry Stephens and President, Ashleigh Hodges, the past few years has seen incredible growth for the Fellowship, celebrating their highest membership to date, opening two new Centres of Excellence, and continuing to provide the industry with educational opportunities for their members in the shape of Hair & Vision events and the new Creative Xchange localised presentations.
The new Fellowship Executive Board members are:
Chris Foster, Head of Technology
Marnie Williams, Head of Further Education & Centres of Excellence
Marcus Allen, Head of Business
Chris Foster is an internationally recognised, multi-award-winning barber with a career that spans the worlds of grooming, fashion, education, and digital innovation. Chris was the first to create a dedicated barbering app for barbering education, breaking new ground in how industry knowledge is shared and scaled. He went on to establish his own academy and develop signature digital products designed to help barbers and hair professionals grow their influence and income. Chris is deeply passionate about bringing the tools and mindset of the digital world—such as automation and AI—into the hair industry, while always preserving its unique creativity and craftsmanship. Through his company, The Profile Guy Digital Agency, he equips professionals with systems that help attract, convert, and retain clients on autopilot—freeing up time so they can focus on what they love most. Chris Foster joins the Fellowship Executive Board as the Head of Technology. His role will explore how technology is shaping the industry and how to keep the Fellowship’s members informed on all things related to technology.
Marcus Allen is an internationally experienced Salon Management Professional and Educator, offering a proven track record of maximising profits and consistent growth in high end salons and businesses. Marcus co-created Paramount Business, a platform delivering advanced salon business education across the U.S., Canada, UK, Ireland, and Australia. Upon returning to the UK, he continued to shape the industry, supporting Urban Retreat before moving to The Refinery, a multi-award-winning men’s grooming brand. Alongside these ventures, Marcus remained active in London, Milan, and Paris Fashion Weeks over the last five years. His focus on innovation and business transformation led him to become General Manager of Electric Space, a premium co-working salon, photography studio, cinema, and member’s space, redefining how creative professionals work and collaborate. Marcus Allen joins the Fellowship Executive Board as the Head of Business, where he will facilitate the best practices, innovation, new technology, and business tools to hairdressers, salon owners, and educators – strengthening the industry with a greater understanding and foundation.
Marnie Williams is the Head of Hair and Beauty at West Suffolk College with over 42 years’ experience in the hairdressing industry – starting out as a stylist in the best Dublin salons, then working for L’Oreal as a Technical Consultant, ultimately becoming an educator in both the private and public sector. West Suffolk College is a 3 Star Fellowship Centre of Excellence, which was awarded for the achievements of their students and the opporunties that the college has created for their students. The college was awarded ‘outstanding’ in all 4 area of OFSTED measures, including ‘strong’ for the newest skills category. Marnie has worked alongside The Fellowship for almost 4 years helping to create the Centre of Excellence project, modelling, piloting, re-working, and developing a programme that will recognise excellent education for 16–19-year-olds leaving school and into industry. Marnie joins the Fellowship Executive Board as the Head of Education and Centres of Excellence, aiming to help bridge the gap between education and employment, whilst giving the next generation the support and preparation for succeeding in to industry.
“We’re delighted to have three new exceptionally talented individuals joining the Fellowship Executive Board. Chris Foster, Marnie Williams and Marcus Allen will bring their expertise and knowledge to the Executive Board to help nurture and develop the skills and talent of Fellowship Members… This Year, the Fellowship’s Executive Board will continue to encourage the growth of those who are new to the industry and those who have worked in the industry for many years. The Fellowship will be collaborating and bringing the industry together from all over the UK – with a focus on inspiring, educating, and encouraging salon stylists, salon owners, freelance stylists, and barbers”,
Ashleigh Hodges, President of the Fellowship.
“As the Fellowship moves towards its 80th Anniversary, and the industry continues to shift on its axis, we are delighted to have three new dynamic members joining us on the Executive Board. The plans we are putting in place today will benefit the whole industry of the future, both creatively and commercially. These new positions will help us gather and analyse business critical data, as well as attracting “Best in Class” Business, Technology and Education Partners for the direct benefit of our members and the wider hairdressing community”.
The Fellowship for British Hairdressing’s CEO, Barry Stephens,
The winners of the 2025 America’s Beauty Show (ABS) Global Image Awards were announced on Saturday, April 5, 2025, during an electrifying evening at America’s Beauty Show.
The celebration, held at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, brought together salon professionals, beauty industry leaders, and artists for a night filled with excitement and recognition.
The ABS Global Image Awards honor creativity, artistry, and dedication in the beauty industry, recognizing both emerging and seasoned professionals for their talent and innovative work. The competition features multiple categories, showcasing a broad range of beauty disciplines, including hairdressing, makeup artistry, and salon team collaborations. This year’s competition saw a significant increase in participation from international artists, underlining the global reach and impact of the event.
Proudly announcing the 2025 ABS Global Image Awards Winners:
• Barber – Professional: Salvador Oliver – Spain
• Creative Color – Professional: Chrystofer Benson – USA
• Full Concept – Professional: Anthony Negron – USA
• Haircutting – Professional: David Barron – USA
• Team Collaboration – Professional: Rafael Bueno & Manuel Mon – Spain
• Texture Expert – Professional: Lukas Press – USA
• Leo Passage Gold Trophy Award: Chrystofer Benson
The ABS Global Image Awards celebrate more than just talent—they are a reflection of the community spirit that defines America’s Beauty Show. The event was hosted following the Cosmetologists Chicago President’s Party at 6:00PM CST. The evening was filled with live music by Libido Funk Circus and a high-energy celebration that brought beauty professionals together to honor their peers. The event is the signature celebration for America’s Beauty Show.
Each category’s winner received a prestigious award from America’s Beauty Show. The Leo Passage Gold Trophy Award, in honor of the late Pivot Point International founder and Cosmetologists Chicago member, Leo Passage, was also presented to an extraordinary artist who exemplified the highest standard of artistry.
“The ABS Global Image Awards continue to grow each year, elevating artists and professionals from around the world,” said Jessi Marshall, VP of Events and Education. “We are thrilled to celebrate the incredible talent, creativity, and passion that our finalists and winners have contributed to the beauty industry. This event is a true reflection of the growth and collaboration that define our community.”
The ABS Global Image Awards were anonymously judged by an esteemed panel of industry experts, media, educators, and elite artists. More information regarding the 2025 ABS Global Image Awards, visit americasbeautyshow.com and follow ABS on social media.
Two Captain Fawcett products have been announced as Finalists in the Pure Beauty Global Awards 2025. Huzzah! Both Captain Fawcett’s ‘Booze & Baccy’ Eau De ParfumSignature Series with Ricki Hall and Captain Fawcett’s ‘Expedition Reserve’ Matt Styling and Volumising Hair Powder have been chosen in the Best Fragrance and Best Hair Prep or Styling Product categories respectively. Winners will be selected by world-leading professionals on the Pure Beauty Global Awards international judging panel. The Pure Beauty Global Awards Winners 2025 will be announced on 8th May 2025 at an exclusive gala event in central London. Captain Fawcett founder, Richard Finney MBE, said-
“To have not one but two products named as Finalists by the renowned Pure Beauty Global Awards team is an incredible achievement for our small but truly mighty team. Following last year’s UK success in both Hair and Fragrance categories, reaching the same heights on the global stage is beyond exciting. Competing against major players, it is hugely rewarding to see Captain Fawcett consistently demonstrate that products made with true craftsmanship and global appeal can stand shoulder to shoulder with the biggest names in the industry. The entire Captain Fawcett crew is absolutely thrilled!”
Captain Fawcett’s ‘Booze & Baccy’ Signature Series Eau De Parfum with Ricki Hall
“The ‘Booze & Baccy’ Signature Series with Ricki Hall was Captain Fawcett’s first collaboration and it has been a phenomenal success. Over ten years, sales have consistently climbed, with the Eau De Parfum in ever-increasing demand. ‘Booze & Baccy’ was crafted to exceptional standards as a tribute to Ricki’s Dad. As such, it’s a story bridging generations, blending contemporary sophistication with a rich, lived-in nostalgia. It celebrates the hard-working, big-hearted men of the 70s and 80s who knew how to graft and still turn up looking sharp. Everyday heroes, one and all!”
Richie Finney
Captain Fawcett’s ‘Expedition Reserve’ Matt Styling and Volumising Hair Powder Captain Fawcett’s ‘Expedition Reserve’ Matt Styling and Volumising Hair Powder is part of the acclaimed ‘Hair Couture’ styling range, created for use in salons, barbershops and also at home.
“Captain Fawcett’s ‘Hair Couture’ range is tested, used and recommended by professionals across the world. Hair Powder is a versatile ‘must-have’ product, but often it has a neutral aroma. Captain Fawcett’s version is imbued with the delectable ‘Expedition Reserve’ fragrance making it just the ticket for refreshing hair on no-shampoo days and scent-layering with companion products in the ‘Expedition Reserve’ range. As such it offers to the contemporary gentleman both convenience and an outstanding sensory experience to boot.”
Richie Finney
The Pure Beauty Global Awards announcement comes following a bumper start to the year with the Captain Fawcett brand picking up prestigious awards month on month, including an MBE for company founder Richie Finney. Watch this space for more news soon!
John Paul Mitchell Systems (JPMS) is expanding their network of professional artists with the launch of their new Pro Partners program, an ongoing collaboration with prominent influencer hairdressers known for their passion and advocacy of JPMS products.
These skilled professionals will contribute to JPMS’s educational curriculum and digital strategies, showcasing their artistry in haircutting, styling, and color. Utilizing platforms from social reels to live events, JPMS Pro Partners will share their expertise and exclusive content with fellow hairdressers and beauty enthusiasts while announcing new launches, highlighting favorite products, and providing insider tips and inspiration.
The program will kick off with three well-known hairdresser influencers: Janae Miller (@janaeraquelmiller), Lisa Giles (@lifeoflisag), and Wesley Palmer (@wesdoeshair).
More partners will be added to the roster as the program evolves.
“We are excited to launch the Pro Partners program and continue fostering meaningful collaborations with leading influencers in the hairdressing community. By teaming up with such passionate and skilled professionals, we aim to not only showcase the exceptional quality and versatility of JPMS products but also to empower hairdressers everywhere with top-tier education and inspiration.”
Tania Kingsrud, Executive Vice President of Global Marketing at John Paul Mitchell Systems.
The Pro Partners program will focus on ongoing content creation, complementing the existing Creator Club, which collaborates with a diverse group of hairdressers to produce specific, short-term content for new launches and activations. Together, these programs will broaden the awareness of JPMS brands among hairdressers and beauty aficionados while drawing attention to the high performance of JPMS products.
The new pro influencers join a distinguished team of hairdressers and educators led by Artistic Director of Professional Hair Color Colin Caruso (@colincaruso), celebrity stylist and Artistic Director Paula Peralta (@thepaulaperalta), NAHA Award winner and Artistic Director Stephen Moody (@hairmoody) and 2x Emmy Award-winning Editorial Director Noogie Thai (@noogiethai). Additionally, newly appointed JPMS Artistic Ambassadors, Orlando Rodriguez (@theorlandosalon), Heather Walter (@heatherjwalter), and Chelsea Shields (@abstracthairartistry) will also play a pivotal role in driving artistry, innovation and education with the professional community.
About the JPMS Pro Partners:
Janae Miller – @janaeraquelmiller, Houston, TX. Specialty: Blonding & balayage on textured hair.
Janae Miller is a blonding expert with over a decade of experience specializing in blondes and balayage on textured hair. With a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of hair chemistry, she creates seamless, dimensional blondes while prioritizing hair health and integrity. Having serviced over 3,000 clients, Janae has refined her techniques to deliver customized blonding transformations that enhance natural beauty. Her expertise extends to corrective color, high-lift blonding, and advanced balayage techniques, ensuring each client achieves their ideal shade with long-lasting results. Her work has gained widespread recognition, with her techniques frequently shared and admired across social media.
Lisa Giles – @lifeoflisag, Orange County, CA. Specialty: Color corrections.
Lisa Giles is a self-made hairstylist turned CEO with 13 years of experience, fiercely committed to empowering stylists to build their own success from the ground up—just as she did. Through her experience as a professional educator and leading stylist teams at Fashion Week, Lisa recognized the need for a new way to train stylists. This led her to create Straight Out of Cosmo, the first educational app for hairstylists. In addition to her entrepreneurial ventures, Lisa is a color correction expert, with expertise in cutting, styling and treatments that bring unmatched creativity and precision to every client.
With over 15 years behind the chair and 12 years as an educator, Wesley Palmer has built a career traveling the world as an international educator, leading transformative classes and captivating audiences at the industry’s most prestigious events. Trained at the renowned Paul Mitchell Academy, Wesley’s expertise spans color, cutting, and advanced techniques, making him a versatile and sought-after force in the industry. He has held key artistic and leadership roles with top global hair brands, driving innovation and elevating professional education.
About John Paul Mitchell Systems: John Paul Mitchell Systems, a top manufacturer of professional hair care products, has been serving the professional beauty industry for 45 years. The company produces salon-quality hair care, hair color and styling tools through a family of brands including Paul Mitchell, Paul Mitchell Tools, Paul Mitchell Professional Hair Color, Neuro, Tea Tree, Awapuhi Wild Ginger, and MITCH. JPMS has a strong commitment to giving back, supporting a wide range of philanthropic causes both domestically and internationally.
22-23 June 2025 – O2 Victoria Warehouse, Manchester
HairCon, the ultimate festival of hair and barbering, returns to Manchester’s iconic O2 Victoria Warehouse on 22-23 June 2025 with a stellar main stage lineup featuring the biggest names in the industry. This year’s stage will come alive with visionary presentations, live demonstrations, and creative collaborations from some of the most innovative minds in hairdressing and barbering. Secure your tickets today to ignite your career, inspire your teams and elevate your hair game at HairCon this June.
An Unmissable Main Stage Experience
The HairCon main stage will be electrified by a powerhouse lineup of global hairdressing icons, barbering titans and an unrivalled collective of brands. The Trevor Sorbie Creative Team will mark a legendary return to the stage in a special collaboration with Keune. Alfaparf Milano Professional with Paul Stafford and the Sanrizz Artistic Team will showcase ‘Evolution’ bringing together two iconic brands dedicated to the pure craft of hairdressing. Sassoon Academy, led by Creative Director Mark Hayes, will break down the revolutionary Vidal Sassoon approach, revealing the complete creative process behind their iconic cuts.
Wella Professional joins forces with James Earnshaw to bring an inspiring fusion of cut, colour, and style, igniting creativity for stylists everywhere. Wahl takes the spotlight with expert-led barbering and men’s grooming innovation, while Revlon Professional’s Artistic Team presents BOLD: UNLIMITED – pushing hair artistry beyond its limits. Danger Jones makes its UK stage debut with a fearless, high-energy colour show, while Blue Tit Education, in collaboration with Leaf Scissors, unveils their unseen 2025 collection ‘Dusk,’ celebrating individuality and London’s underground fashion scene.
L’Oréal Professionnel delivers industry pioneers and award-winners the likes of Frazer Wallace, who will craft an unforgettable performance for his inaugural solo show. A guru in the world of Afro and textured hair, Naomi Brooks will elevate these techniques to create showstopping styles. The Fellowship for British Hairdressing will bring their talented project teams to the stage showcasing the next generation of talent. Josh Lamonaca and Darrel Starkey push the boundaries of Men’s hairdressing in a dynamic showcase of cutting and colouring mastery. With more names still to be revealed, the Main Stage at HairCon presents an unforgettable experience for the hair and barbering professional – bold, boundary-breaking, and unmissable.
The Ultimate Industry Gathering
HairCon 2025 isn’t just a trade show – it’s a movement. From captivating stage performances to hands-on learning opportunities, immersive brand experiences, and exclusive networking events, the weekend will be the epicentre of education, creativity, and collaboration. Whether you’re a seasoned stylist, a budding barber, or a salon owner looking for the latest innovations, this is the must-attend event of the year.
Partnered by
Tickets Now Available
Don’t miss your chance to witness the future of hairdressing and barbering unfold live on stage. Secure your tickets now at www.haircon.co.uk and be part of the most exciting event in the industry.
Tickets also include a one month FREE trial of the Hilton Club membership!
Visit HairCon.co.uk and follow @Hairconshow on social for teasers, schedule announcements, and the latest news in the build up to the event in June.
Helping Medspas & Clinics Save Up To 90% on Documentation Time.
Phorest, the all-in-one software for med spas, aesthetic clinics, and professional hair and beauty businesses, is enhancing the way med spas and aesthetic clinics document client visits with Phorest Dot Phrasing. This new feature enables practitioners to create fast, consistent and accurate client notes, reducing administrative workload and freeing up valuable time for client care.
Dot Phrase Library
For medspas and aesthetic clinics, proper documentation isn’t just a necessity. It is critical for safety, compliance, and professionalism. Yet, finding time to record detailed notes without disrupting the flow of client care is a constant challenge. Órla Phelan, Global Director of Medspa Operations at Phorest, says:
“We designed Phorest’s Dot Phrasing functionality to solve a real challenge for medspas balancing high-quality client care with efficient documentation. By automating repetitive notetaking, this feature ensures practitioners spend less time typing and more time focused on their clients, which we know is always their top priority.”
Dot Phrasing Consultation Screens
With Phorest Dot Phrasing, practitioners can insert pre-set text snippets with just a few keystrokes, eliminating the need to type out commonly used phrases and treatment details manually. This not only speeds up notetaking but reduces errors and ensures consistency across records. Dot Phrasing has been found to cut documentation time by up to 90%, allowing practitioners to be more present during consultations and focus on delivering exceptional client experience.
Dot Phrase on Notes
As Phorest continues to expand its capabilities for medspas and clinics, this launch marks another step forward in its commitment to the sector. Thanks to ongoing collaboration with industry professionals, Phorest has developed a growing suite of features tailored specifically to the needs of medical aesthetics businesses, ensuring they have the tools and peace of mind from a smoother workflow while maintaining the highest standards for their clients.
